• Uniform airflow to the end of 24 m growing racks
• An HVAC route suited to low ceilings and narrow rack spaces
• Uniform CO₂ distribution and precision airflow at 0.4 m/s

Static pressure loss over a long distance

Airflow was strong near the cooler but sharply reduced toward the 24 m endpoint, creating differences in strawberry growth between zones.

Low ceilings and airflow interference

Round ducts interfered with racks and lighting in the underground space. Strong direct drafts could also cause leaf drying and growth stress.

Uneven CO₂ concentration

Added CO₂ accumulated in stagnant zones or concentrated in isolated areas, making overall yield difficult to predict.

Half-round ducts for low ceilings

Ceiling-mounted half-round ducts fitted the limited space between the ceiling and racks, reducing interference with growing operations while maintaining a stable HVAC route.

Static pressure maintained over 24 m

Maintaining pressure through the far end minimized airflow variation and created uniform low-speed airflow of approximately 0.4 m/s throughout the racks.

Airflow angles tailored to the crop

Leaf distance, airflow direction and outlet angles were precisely adjusted to gently surround strawberries rather than strike them directly.

Temperature variation within 1°C

Temperatures were stabilized to within 1°C across the full growing length, minimizing location-dependent growing conditions.

Uniform airflow at 0.4 m/s

Consistent low-speed airflow supported photosynthesis and transpiration without stressing crops.

More uniform harvests and efficient operation

Reducing temperature, velocity and CO₂ differences provided a foundation for more consistent growth, predictable harvest timing and improved operations.