• Reducing upper-level heat accumulation
• Improving cooling efficiency by delivering airflow to the work zone
• Minimizing cooling differences across occupied areas

Heat accumulating above the work zone

The high ceiling and machinery heat raised upper-level summer temperatures to as high as 32°C, creating persistent heat accumulation.

Excessive cooling requirements

Initial load calculations for conventional whole-space cooling indicated more than 20 air conditioners, creating substantial equipment and operating costs.

Stratification limiting cool-air delivery

Adding air conditioners alone could not resolve vertical stratification. Duct-based airflow engineering was needed to deliver effective cooling to the floor-level work zone.

Long-throw nozzle design

Nozzles beneath the duct increased airflow directionality and discharge velocity by approximately 20%, allowing air to reach the floor-level work area.

Airflow optimized for workers

Direction and throw distance were optimized for actual floor-level activity rather than cooling the entire volume uniformly, improving perceived cooling efficiency.

Supplementary cooling in distant areas

An additional air conditioner served a 20 m section to reduce localized heat and stratification, improving cooling balance across the work zone.

Maintaining 26°C in the work zone

Measurements confirmed approximately 26°C where workers were stationed, demonstrating effective improvement despite the high ceiling.

Approximately 40% lower equipment and operating costs

Initial calculations indicated more than 20 air conditioners, but cooling was achieved with 10 units in operation, reducing equipment and operating costs by approximately 40%.

Reduced stratification and balanced cooling

Long-throw nozzles and supplementary cooling by zone reduced vertical stratification and cooling differences across work areas.